Well ATI Catalyst is used for AMD Radeon cards, it helps configure your card to games or softwares. Most people use if they have dual cards but since you have only one card i don't know what you mean with the planets having mushy random textures. Do you have a screenshot of what the planets look like? also in SpaceEngine 0.972\system\se check if your card is running on space engine. This sounds strange.Added (08.02.2015, 02:23)
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Also I should mention I'm not a professional so at least try and get someone on the forums that knows if they can help you out.